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Gas Mixing and Gas Level Control Systems

Gas control and mixing systems can control the concentration of gas (e.g. CO2, O2, CH4, H2, RH) in a chamber or cabinet. Gas concentration control systems use a digital gas controller that uses feedback control of a solenoid valve to create a stable humidity and gas concentrations within closed chamber systems. While the systems can be highly customized / combined to needs, we distinguish:

  • Q-G400 Gas Blending System - for mixing up to 9 gases,
  • Gas Control System "Q-control" - for controlling gas conditions within closed chambers,
  • Carbon Filter Housings, to reduce ambient concentration of BVOCs etc. in open flow systems.

Q-G400 Gas Mixing System

Q-G400 Gas Mixing System
Q-G400

Q-G400 Gas Mixing System, allowing for the precise blending of up to 9 different gases, achieving outstanding accuracy from millilitres to hundreds of litres in a single system. The automated mixing process employs Mass Flow Controllers with exceptional precision. The PC-based Gas Mixing Software (Q-C960) performs all the necessary calculations to produce your desired gas mixture, enabling mass flow controller settings to be implemented with ease.

Users can create a gas combination and timing sequence, with the software issuing a warning if any selection falls outside the designated range. Each mass flow controller includes calibrations for 130 different gases or gas mixtures, and these can be adjusted in the software to meet changing requirements. For tailored solutions, please contact us with information regarding the quantity of gases, gas types, concentration ranges of mixtures, and the required total final flow rate. Q-G400 Gas Mixing Systems are utilised for dispensing precise gas mixtures in bioreactors, incubators, and growth chambers. A single Gas Mixing System is capable of servicing numerous units. 

Q-G400 Gas Mixing Station - features

  • Automatically combine 2 to 9 gases (pure or mixed), create gas mixtures instantly
  • No calibration input required; flow is automated based on the ratio and total flow, and error messages prevent selections outside the acceptable range
  • Programming capabilities, numerous gas mixtures and timing options
  • Easy to understand command structure; settings can be easily saved and retrieved
  • The Mass Flow Controllers encompass a range from 0.5 cm3 min-1 (SCCM) to +200
  • SLM with an accuracy of 0.2% of full scale, or 0.6% of reading
  • Multiple alternative gases can be utilised with every controller; 130 distinct gas flow calibrations saved per controller
  • Manual or software control (Q-C960) can be used for mixing; PC interface provided
Specifications Gas Mixing Q-G400 OPEN

Flow rate: User defined from 0.5 cm3 min-1 (SCCM) up to >200 cm3 min-1
Accuracy: 0.6% of reading plus 0.2% full scale; optional improved accuracy of 0.4% of reading
Software or manual control; calibrations for 130 different gases supplied
Response time: 100 ms
Warm up time: <1 s
Operating temperature: -10°C to 60°C
RH range: 0-100%
Maximum pressure: 1000 kPa (145 psig)
Communication: RS-232 serial/RS-485 serial via 8/9 pin, ini-Din to USB interface
Power requirements: 12 to 30 V DC, current draw 250 mA

References Gas Mixing System Q-G400 OPEN

  • Červený, J., et. al. (2009). Photobioreactor for cultivation and real‐time, in‐situ measurement of O2 and CO2 exchange rates, growth dynamics, and of chlorophyll fluorescence emission of photoautotrophic microorganisms. Engineering in Life Sciences, 9(3), 247-253.
  • Giannopoulos, A., Nikolopoulos, D., Bresta, P., Samantas, A., Reppa, C., Karaboiki, K., ... & Karabourniotis, G. (2019). Cystoliths of Parietaria judaica can serve as an internal source of CO2 for photosynthetic assimilation when stomata are closed. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70(20), 5753-5763.
  • Litorja, M., Hwang, J. C. (2016). Simultaneous Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen Pressure and Oxyhemoglobin Spectra in Solution. In Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXVII (pp. 385-390). Springer New York.
  • Montgomery, D. W., Simpson, S. D., Engelhard, G. H., Birchenough, S. N., & Wilson, R. W. (2019). Rising CO2 enhances hypoxia tolerance in a marine fish. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 15152.
  • Montgomery, D. W., Kwan, G. T., Davison, W. G., Finlay, J., Berry, A., Simpson, S. D., ... & Wilson, R. W. (2022). Rapid blood acid–base regulation by European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in response to sudden exposure to high environmental CO2. Journal of Experimental Biology, 225(2), jeb242735.
  • Noor, N., & Thompson, A. (2022). Localized alteration of ferrihydrite natural organic matter coprecipitates following reaction with Fe (II). Soil Science Society of America Journal, 86(2), 253-263.
  • Perdomo, J. A., Cavanagh, A. P., Kubien, D. S., & Galmés, J. (2015). Temperature dependence of in vitro Rubisco kinetics in species of Flaveria with different photosynthetic mechanisms. Photosynthesis Research, 124, 67-75.
  • Qiu, C., Ethier, G., Pepin, S., Dub, P., Desjardins, Y., & Gosselin, A. (2017). Persistent negative temperature response of mesophyll conductance in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) leaves under both high and low vapour pressure deficits: a role for abscisic acid?. Plant, Cell & Environment, 40(9), 1940-1959.
  • Reidenbach, L. B., Dudgeon, S. R., & Kübler, J. E. (2022). Ocean acidification and ammonium enrichment interact to stimulate a short-term spike in growth rate of a bloom forming macroalga. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 980657.
  • Tholen, D., Ethier, G., Genty, B., Pepin, S., & ZHU, X. G. (2012). Variable mesophyll conductance revisited: theoretical background and experimental implications. Plant, Cell & Environment, 35(12), 2087-2103.
Q-G400 Gas Mixing System for mixing up to nine gases in parallel
Q-G400 Mass Flow Controler
Q-C960 Gas Mixing Software
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Gas Control System "Q-Control"

Qubit Gas Control System
Q-GasControl System, example set-up

Gas Control System Q-Control, using the Q-A365 Gas Controller to open/close the solenoid valve and manage levels of gases such as CO2, O2, CH4 and H2O vapour in an enclosed space such as a plant growth chamber, ecosystem respiration chamber, rhizobox respiration chamber, or animal cabinet. This system can thus be used to control CO2 and 13CO2 levels or to maintain elevated or reduced O2 levels. Precise control of water vapour can also be achieved with this system - allowing for long term placement of plants inside chambers.

Q-A365 Gas Controller
Q-A365 Gas Controller

The gas control system consists of the Q-A365 gas controller, the solenoid valve, a gas analyser (CO2, O2, H2, CH4, water vapour analyser), a gas pump for chamber sampling and delivery to the gas analyser, a minimum of three rotameter flow meters and a Nafion rH equilibrator. The stability of the gas concentrations is monitored and recorded via data interface and software. In PID mode, the Q-A365 Gas Controller activates a 3-way solenoid valve to introduce control gas (e.g. CO2) into the carrier gas (e.g. air) to regulate the CO2 level in a chamber. CO2 analysers, oxygen sensors, etc. measure the level of the subsampled control gas. A feedback signal is then sent to the Q-A365 Gas Controller to open/close the solenoid valve, thereby regulating the specific gas levels in the chamber.

Gas Control System - Features

Schematic diagram of a CO2 gas control system
Schematic diagram of CO2 gas control system (F=flow meter, S=solenoid, NO=normally open, NC=normally closed, C=common, heavy lines = gas flow, light lines = electrical connections), example
  • Gas concentration control in a chamber is achieved through feedback control of a solenoid.
  • The system is capable of handling gradual changes in the controlled gas caused by the activity of plants or animals.
  • Flexible system that allows for control of different gases by just replacing the gas analyser (e.g. CO2 to methane).
Components Q-Control Gas Control System OPEN

Basic components of the Q-Control" gas control system, the systems are fully customisable.... please get in contact. 

 

Product No. Description
Q-A365 Gas Controller
Q-P103 Gas Pump (1 L min-1)
Rotameter Rotameter / manual flow meters (3x), range depending on the application
Solenoid valve Solenoid valve, mounted on the back of the flow meter Manifold
Q-B301 Naftion rH Equilibrator
Q-C610 LabQuest Mini, Data Interface
Q-C901 LoggerPro Software
   
Optional  
Gas Analyzer Gas Analyzer of Choice (CO2, O2, etc.)
Q-P651 Gas Pump (3 L min-1), with a higher flow rate
Chamber Ecosystem respiration chamber, with fan (custom build)
References Gas Control System OPEN

  • IIacqua AN, Kirby AM, Pamenter ME (2017) Behavioural responses of naked mole rats to acute hypoxia and anoxia. Royal Society Biology Letters Physiology https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0545
Q-GCS Gas Control System, example configuration
Q-A365 Gas Controler
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Activated Carbon Filter for Ambient Air

Active Carbon Filter

 

Carbon Filter Housing. Airtight stainless steel housing for activated carbon filters or similar (user replaceable), reliably reducing the concentration of volatiles and/or particles in ambient air before entering any gas measuring system. Particular useful when studying emissions of BVOCs in Plant Reaction Chambers. Can also be used as a gas mixing chamber (before entering a plant growth chamber). Fully custom-made, variable gas connectors, materials and sizes available.

Carbon Filter - Features

- Large diameter to allow for high volume gas /ambient air inflow

- stainless steel or Teflon coated for minimal interactions with volatiles, reactive gases

- Custom absorbance material (activated carbon, particle filter etc.)

- Easy maintenance and filling

- Inflow and outflow connectors can be user defined, matching available systems

References VSI Carbon Filter OPEN

  • Fitzky, A. C., et al. (2021) Diversity and interrelations among the constitutive VOC emission blends of four broad-leaved tree species at seedling stage. Frontiers in plant science, 12, 708711.
  • Fitzky, A.C., et al. (2023) Same, same, but different: Drought and salinity affect BVOC emission rate and alter blend composition of urban trees. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 80, 127842. 
  • Peron, A., et al. (2020) Combined effects of ozone and drought stress on the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds from Quercus robur L. Biogeosciences, 2020, 1-27.
Get in Contact

Gas Mixing and Control Chambers

See ecosystem and mesocosm respiration chambers, and Teflon-coated plant chambers for measurements of (reactive) gases and volatiles - designed for the gas mixing and gas control systems.


Gas Analyzers

For a large selection of components allowing to set up individual gas mixing and gas control systems, see e.g. CO2, O2, CH4 and O2 Gas Analysers, Flow Monitors & Pumps, Pressure Sensors, etc.


Water quality tank control system

To control the gas concentration in aquatic systems, the Q-ACS Aquatic Control System is available for O2, CO2, etc.



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